How are ultrasonic vibrations converted to electrical pulses during an Ultrasonic Test?

The conversion of ultrasonic vibrations to electrical pulses during an Ultrasonic Test is achieved using a transducer. A transducer is a device that transforms one type of energy into another. In the context of ultrasonic testing, it generates ultrasonic waves by converting electrical energy into mechanical vibrations (the ultrasonic sound waves) when an electrical signal is applied. These waves then travel through the material being tested. When the waves encounter a boundary or defect within the material, some of the energy is reflected back to the transducer. The transducer then performs the reverse process, converting the received mechanical vibrations back into electrical signals, which can then be analyzed to determine the integrity of the material.

Other choices, while relevant to the process of ultrasonic testing, do not directly perform the conversion of ultrasonic vibrations to electrical pulses. For instance, an oscilloscope is used to visualize and analyze electrical signals but does not convert ultrasonic waves into electrical energy. A transmitter is involved in sending out the ultrasonic waves but does not handle the conversion from vibration back to electrical pulse. A duplex converter is not a standard component in ultrasonic testing and does not relate to the function of converting ultrasonic vibrations to electrical signals. Thus, the transducer is the correct answer as it directly fulfills the role of converting vibrations into