In an automatic control system, the controller output signal is directed to which component?

In an automatic control system, the controller's output signal is directed to the final control element, which plays a crucial role in executing the necessary actions determined by the controller based on the input it receives. The final control element is typically responsible for making adjustments to the system's process variables to maintain the desired setpoint. This could involve modulating a valve, adjusting a damper, or controlling the speed of a motor.

The controller receives feedback from the sensing element, which measures the current value of the process variable. Based on this feedback, the controller computes the difference between the desired setpoint and the actual measurement, generating an output signal. This output signal directs the final control element to make the required changes in the process, thereby achieving the desired control objectives.

Understanding the role of the final control element is essential because it represents the tangible means through which adjustments to the system's process are made, effectively closing the control loop in automatic control systems.