Welding defects can be categorized into which of the following types?

Welding defects can indeed be categorized into volumetric and linear types, which highlights the nature and location of the defects in the weld. Volumetric defects are those that occur within the volume of the weld material, such as porosity or slag inclusions. These defects can significantly weaken the weld by affecting its integrity and load-bearing capacity.

On the other hand, linear defects occur along the length of the weld, typically seen as cracks or lack of fusion. Linear defects are often more visible and can also lead to serious structural failures if not addressed properly.

Understanding this classification helps in identifying potential issues during the inspection and quality assurance processes, ensuring that the welds meet the required standards for safety and performance. The focus on volumetric and linear gives a clear perspective on how different types of defects can affect the overall quality of welding work. Other categorizations such as geometric and aesthetic do not directly relate to the structural integrity of welds, while visual and observed simply pertain to the methods of defect detection and not their nature. Mechanical and thermal refer to the forces and temperatures involved in welding processes rather than specific defect types.