What is a material that transfers electric charge called?

A material that transfers electric charge is referred to as a conductor. Conductors are materials that allow electrons to move freely through them, facilitating the flow of electric current. This characteristic is essential in various applications, such as electrical wiring and electronic components, where efficient charge transfer is necessary for functioning devices.

Common examples of conductors include metals like copper and aluminum. These materials have a high density of free electrons, which contribute to their ability to conduct electricity effectively. In contrast, insulators are materials that do not allow electric charge to flow freely, thereby preventing current from passing through them.

Understanding the distinction between conductors and other terms like circuits and wires is also important. A circuit refers to a closed loop through which current can flow, and a wire is simply a type of conductor used to connect components within a circuit. Therefore, identifying conductors is crucial for anyone working with electrical systems, as it informs the choice of materials for efficient charge transfer.